Registered nurses (RNs) provide care to patients, families and communities and also work to promote health, prevent disease and help patients cope with illness. Registered nurses may work in hospitals, physicians’ private offices, nursing homes, clinics, schools, work sites and in patients’ homes under the direction of such health professionals as physicians, dentists, podiatrists, optometrists and others.
When providing direct care, registered nurses observe, assess and record symptoms, reactions and progress; assist physicians during treatments and examinations; administer medications; and assist in convalescence and rehabilitation.
Registered nurses also develop and manage nursing care plans; instruct patients and their families in proper care; and help individuals and groups take steps to improve or maintain their health. Registered nurses are members of a profession and work diligently to uphold the standards of the profession.
Registered nurses are caring and compassionate; are able to accept responsibility and direct, delegate to and/or supervise others; are able to follow orders precisely; and are able to determine when consultation is required. All nurses are patient advocates and health educators.
Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) care for the sick, injured, convalescent, and disabled under the direction of physicians and registered nurses.
Most LPNs provide basic bedside care. They take vital signs such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiration. They also treat bedsores, prepare and give injections and enemas, apply dressings, give alcohol rubs and massages, apply ice packs and hot water bottles, and monitor catheters. LPNs observe patients and report adverse reactions to medications or treatments. They collect samples for testing, perform routine laboratory tests, feed patients, and record food and fluid intake and output. They help patients with bathing, dressing, and personal hygiene, keep them comfortable, and care for their emotional needs. In states where the law allows, they may administer prescribed medicines or start intravenous fluids. Some LPNs help deliver, care for, and feed infants. Experienced LPNs may supervise nursing assistants and aides.
LPNs in nursing homes provide routine bedside care, help evaluate residents' needs, develop care plans, and supervise the care provided by nursing aides. In doctors' offices and clinics, they also may make appointments, keep records, and perform other clerical duties. LPNs who work in private homes also may prepare meals and teach family members simple nursing tasks.
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